sufism

Hi friends

Today I m going to have a say on a very a divine topic "Sufism".By the term Sufism we mean to say that it is a type of devotion to god and leaving the all desire of this world.In other word we can say substance of Sufism is the truth and the meaning of Sufism is the selfless experiencing and actualization of the truth.The practice of Sufism is the intention to go toward the truth ,by means of love and devotion.This is called the tariqat,the spiritual path or way towards god.The sufi is one who is lover of truth,who by means of love and devotion moves towards the truth,towards the perfection which all are truly seeking .As necessitated by Love's jealousy,the Sufi is taken away from all except the truth.

Sufism is a school for the actualisation of divine ethics.It involves an enlightened inner being ,not intellectual proof;revelation and witnessing ,not logic .By divine ethics we are referring to ethics that transcend mere social convention ,a way of being that is the actualization of the attributes of god.To explain the truth is indeed a difficult task.Words being limited ,can never really express the perfection of the absolute,the unbound.Thus for those who are imperfect,words create doubt and misunderstanding.Yet philosophers have written volumes and spoken endlessly of the truth,but somehow their effort have always fallen short.For the Sufi, philosophers are those who are those who view the perfection of the Absolute from a limited perspective ;so all they see is a part of the Absolute,not the infinite in its entirety.It is indeed true what philosophers see is incorrect;nevertheless it is only a part of whole .

One is reminded of rumi's well-known story of a group of men in India who had never seen an elephant.One day they came to a place where an elephant was.In complete darkness they approached the animal,each man feeling it.Afterwards, they describe what they thought they had perceived .Of course their description were different.The one who felt a leg imagined the elephant to be a pillar.The one who felt the animal's ear,described the elephant as a fan and so on.Each one of their description with respect to the various parts they had experienced was true.However as far as accurately describing the whole ,their conception had all fallen short.If they had a candle,the difference of opinion would not have come about.The candle's light would have revealed the elephant as a whole.

Only by the light of the spiritual path and the mystic way can the truth be discovered.In order for the one to truly witness the perfection of the Absolute ,one must see with one's inner being ,which perceives the whole reality.This witnessing happens when one becomes perfect,losing one's(partial) existence in the whole.

If the whole is likened to the ocean and the part to drop ,the Sufi says that witnessing the ocean with the eye of a drop is impossible.However ,when the drop becomes one with the oceans ,it sees the ocean with the eyes of the ocean

Indian team losing its way(II)

So continuing my previous blog I would like to add the remaining match results so far.So after the third ODI there come the fourth ODI.In this match the Bengal tiger was and was ready to fire from all cylinder.In this match India team batted first and got to a good start Sachin and Ganguly provided the ideal start of approx 100 runs at a decent rate and after that Yuvraj come and join the party and had a good partnership with sachin and took india to good position and was out .After that then came the axe man "Dhoni".He was in a different mood right from the word go.He was looking like he is going to fire the spectator .They were having a great fun watching dhoni batting so beautifully .In the mean time Dravid was out and then came the man in form Uthappa.He is in tremendous touch .He and Dhoni then saluted the mighty looking Australians and were a treat to watch.They score all around the ground and the last over was the over of the day.Uthappa hit a six then dhoni hits a four and on the last ball of the inning he hit six.What a finish for the fans.The last over conceded 20 runs. The Indians posted 291 on the scorecard.
Then came the Australian's reply .They got a quick start but not a very long partnership
but then they got a got stand at a good rate and were looking in good condition to win the match but suddenly couple of wicket fell and they were in little bit of trouble but still maintain a good run rate .After that they got wicket falling at regular interval and still were very much in the game.After that then comes the dramatic climax.They needed 24 from the last three overs and were suppose to win that but the Indian held there nerves.The Indians conceded only 3 runs in that over and now the Australians needed 19 of the last two over.In the penultimate over Singh bowled very well and gave away only 4 runs.So now they need 15 of the last over.Zaheer khan was given the ball .He held his nerves and bowled superbly by just giving 7 runs and as a result
of all that brilliant stuff we won the match by 8 runs and were able to defeat them in first time 3yrs.
Now came the fifth match the worst of all the matches.In this match the Indian's won the toss and decided to bat.Australians captain ponting had earlier said that he would play this match as the final and everybody knows how well he plays in the final.So electing to bat Indians got to a disastrous start.We lost the wicket of our opener in the very first over of the match. Ganguly was gone without scoring .Then Dravid was gone without troubling the scorer.Then yuvraj Dhoni and uthappa also back to pavilion. Half of our team was out and not even 50 on the board.Then sachin and pathan take India to around 100 and after that sachin and pathan were also out. Finally after having a contribution from 10 an d11th batsman we manage to get around 150 which was a shame for us.
Then came the Australians reply they played at their own will and were very dangerous looking .They got to a flying start and have a fifty partnership.Then we got a joy of moment by getting a wicket but that was the last joy.Then finally they went on to win that match by 9 wicket and ponting had done what he had said earlier.So now the score is 3-1 and from this position they can't loose the series.Now the situation is that we cant win the series on our home soil.How hurting is that for everybody.

Indian team losing its way(I)

Hi friend
Today I m going to have a say about the recent failure of Indian cricket team against the Australians.In the T20 world cup Indian defeated the Australians but they are not able to maintain that streak.In the first match Australia batted first we got a good start removing couple of wicket very early but did not capitalise that they still maintain there rate at 5 an over But after few overs we got couple of wicket and they have not reached 100.At that point it appeared that we will be able to get them restricted within 250 but that's not happened.Clarke and Haddin put up a good partnership and put them in a commanding position .Later on Clarke went on to hit the century and took his team beyond 300.Clarke is of the future star of the modern cricket which he showed in this match.Now that total was always going to be a cakewalk for the Indian.Half of the match was over.The Indians come to chase the target and right from the word go Australian were on the attack. Indian managed to handle the first over but in the next over there come the shock the master blaster Sachin was plumb LBW to johnson and more badly on "0".That was going to be a disaster for the Indian.After couple of over the rain god gave there mercy to the Indians and there comes the rains and continued for the whole night and which saves them.Hard luck for the Australians and good luck for the Indian
Now comes the second ODI the Australian were frustrated with rain and by the defeat in T2o world cup.They were not in a mood to be relax.In this match we got a good start removing danger man gilchrist on "0".After couple of more overs we got another wicket but that was the last good thing because from there the Australians played tremendous cricket and hayden,Symond and Haddin got good knock and got 306 on the scoreboard.As per the history of Indian team it was next to impossible but still there was a hope that we will win.When we came to chase the target we lost the opener very early and were put on the back foot.Our rate was good but we were losing the wicket at regular interval and going away from the target.Our captain batted very well but it was not enough and in the end we lost the match by a huge margin of 84 runs.We were now 1-0 in the series .Similar sort of thing happened in the third ODI The Australian here got the good start and every batsman contributed and more importantly at a good rate and they got a total of 290.This time there were some bright chances of winning the match still not very bright.Indian got very poor start they lost the opener very early and after couple of more over the Indians were tottering at 11/3 but sachin and yuvraj were still at the crease .Slowly and slowly they steady the ship and build a partnership of around 100 runs but at that point sachin was out and lost the way but yuvraj was playing brilliantly but nobody give resistance from the other end.Finally he got century but due to lack of support his team felt 47 runs short of the target and were 2-0 in the series.

journey of MGPA(II)

Now the second half of my MGPA journey which started from the 6th.This was supposed to be of tree .Tree was not an easy topic but i prepared it .I tried every type of problem which was very dificult task.In the end Igot srtuck in the deletion part of the tree.I did all the work but still was not able to solve it.But in the end got to know that the deletion is not going to come in the mgpa because it was very long and takes long time.But finally I was able to solve the deletion problem.But my main focus was on the insertion,find and traversal which i did very well and was quite confident of doing that.On the day of mgpa I got the problem of tree in which I was just required to insert the nodes and print the inorder.I was quite happy but I was having some problem in reading the input.As i got inside the lab implementing the code it happened of which I was fearing i.e. unable to read input going in infinite loop.After 40 minute of debugging I got to know where was the problem.After that everything was alright input was comoing and also the desired output .When I submitted I got all "Y".So now the score is 3 out of 6.
After that my next mgpa was based on oopj which was of counting change in bits of two succesive numbers in a given range.I developed the code and was quite sure that i will clear.But when I implemented that I did the smallest of the small mistake i.e.I started the loop from "0" which I was suppose to start from the starting point of the range and I looked all the but not go up and wasted all the time and that mgpa was lost.When I got my code back I debugged still was not able to detect that and my friend detect it.I was so anooyed with myself that I can't explain it in words.
After that my next mgpa was from dsal(sorting).I did all the sorting except the shell sort and was knowing that shell and merge is going to come.In mgpa I got the problem to do sorting
of names on the basis of sur name and using any sorting .I prepared the code but get struck on how to arrange surname.Finally I manage to do that.I went to lab and started doing implementation .After implementation I got to know it was not doing the sorting correctly.I was able to get the problem,remove that but still was not able to get the right output.I tried evry possible thing but did not got the desired output.All the time was gone and now the score was 3 out of 8.When I got my code back I get to know that error was just again the minor.I was suppose to increment the loop by 2 but I was incrementing it by 1 and was thinking that the loop is incrementing 2 times.It was the height of mistake.But the next mgpa was from assignment I prepared almost every assignment and when get the prob in mgpa I was happy because I have done that.When implemented I got everything right and got all"Y".Now the score was 4 out of 9 and I have cross the boundary limit of 4.Similar to that my next mgpa was from the assignment but was not able to do that because it was the only assignment I did not touched.So my score remains at 4 out of 9 which could have been very easily be 7.

jouney of MGPA (I)

Hi friends
Now i m going to describe you about the thing for which i was doing all the studies "the MGPA"(Machine Graded Programing Asessment) .During the past two month I have given 10 mgpa .Giving the first mgpa was very bad experience untill i didn't have given it.Before giving it i was uncertain whether i will be able to clear it or not.At last i was convinced that i will not be able to clear as everybody made it like a very tough paper .I entered the hall with nervousness and curiosity.I started praying and after that i was provided the paper as soon as i got the paper i was little surprised because thats seem to me that i will be able to solve that one.I started solving that and after applying some logic i got a code which i think will run.The question was to find that a given figure is rectangle ,square,or line.I did it using arrays and went to implement it in the lab .I started doing coding as this was my first mgpa i got 43 errors and i was quite sure that i will not going to get,because at that time i was not a good debugger.But slowly and slowly i started to remove error and in half an hour i remove all the error and when i give my input it was working .After that i tried another input but it didn't work i got frustrated and got my mistake and remove that .Actually it was showing every square or rectangle a line so after manipulation i got it correct.After that i submitted that program and got all the "Y".I was very happy as i got cleared the first mgpa.But that was just the begining .After that i give the second mgpa which was from DSAL(queue&stack).I was not prepared for that so i was not confident that i will clear that.For taht mgpa i prepared stack queue and left circular queue and my bad luck the question came from that i was not able to solve that mgpa.After that mgpa I started preparing for the third mgpa .The third one was related to numerology we were given a value to each alphabet than the alphabet which come in a name we have sum up and print that.I developed that logic and up to my knowledge it was working fine.But when i implemented it was not printing the sum.I was little frustrated and started searching that error but was not able to solve that.After mgpa when i got my code back i saw it again and got the mistake .The mistake was that i was doing the division operation and then modulous operation but i was supposed to do the reverse of that .I was so much annoyed with myself that because only 14 people clear that problem and very easily i could i have been one of them.But thats the way the life goes on.
Simlar thing happen in my next mgpa .That mgpa was of DSAL(linklist).I was quite sure that i will clear that. I did all the hard work and got the problem in mgpa and developed the logic but similar to previous one i made a small mistake and lost that mgpa.So one out of four was my result.I was not able to decide whether i will clear that or not .I was given the hint that my next mgpa will of character counting some what like that.From that day i started doing problem of various type related to character and i was sure that now i can crack the problem .On the mgpa day i got the problem which was the problem from where i started doing charactrer problem.Since i had done much tougher than that I prepared in 10 min hardly.In lab I also just write it and when compiled it there was no error when i submitted I got all "Y"in 10 minutes there also.So that was the most satisfying of the two.So now the score is 2 out of 5.

should there be censorship on media

Media is plural of "medium" which is a carrier of something .Common thing carreid by media include information ,art,or physical object .A medium may provide transmission or storage of information or both.

The industries which produce news and entertainment content for the mass media are often called "the media "(in much the same way the newspaper industry is called press).In the late 20th century it became commonplace for this usage to be construed as singular rather than plural.

There job is to mainly give right information to the people .But that is what which they are doing nowdays.This is so because that today is world of glamour and glitter and most of us want to be on frame and the best possible way is to take help of media and people believe media.

Today media do, what will be beneficial for them rather than telling the truth.This might be due to pressure or money.They are not doing what they are suppose to do. We can say that so because if a politician is caught in some offence or any other high profile man then his case will not be shown but if a normal man is caught it will be shown again and again.But there should be limit that can be shown i.e.they should not invade the privacy of individual which they do.So there should be a tradeoff between whta to show and what to not show such as if a hindu mob

killed a muslim or vice versa then it should not be shown as it will invogue the communal riots.So there should be a governing body which should put this tradeoff .If media is allowed to do whatever they do i agree that they will reveal some scandal but problem arises that they willshow only one and hide most of them.

We can have a more example in which there was a women who was an IPS officer and was harrased by her in laws and she show some evidence which the nedia showed and you will be convinced that she was innocent and and her inlaws were in guilty but on the next day the media person showed strong evidences and statement that the woman was guilty and her in laws were innocent .This was so because her in laws were hi profile politicians and they give money or forced them to said in favour of them which they did and i was confused that who was right and who was wrong .But the problem is that people are misguided because if you dont have enough evidence how you blame anyone and showed it on news. It effects that person who is right and portraited as wrong .Thats the time when censor comes into play and need to put a law that if you dont have a strong evidence dont call anyone culprit or innocent.

So finally i would like to say it would be possible that a time may come that censor may become itself culprit and will not allow them to do right work but if that happen then nobody can save country except spiderman and superman etc.

we r world champions

There was much joy ,hype,finger-pointing and attention seeking ,niether of which was unexpected.as India's cricketer returned to mumbai.As kipling had hoped we treat those two impostors ,truimph and disaster ,the same ;with melodrama!And so much people waited in the rain in stiffing humidity in crowds with not an inch to move and they could no thave been too diffrent from the people who abused and heckled the cricketers six month ago .May be our much abused movies with no subtle shades of character with only black or white ,know India better than the others!
The awards were welcome for tis genuinely outstanding achievement but i m a little uncomfortable with singling out individual within a team for great honour.Good team seek to m inimize,indeed to destroy.the cult of the individual.It has been a problem with our cricketer and it is a touch dangerous to fan those fires.And you have to have sympathy for out hockey who work hard.
Sympathy is the word that often been often used with Misbah ul haq ,a fine player who twice brought pakistan to the brink of victory .He even picked a good short but found joginder sharma didn't have the pace on teh ball to take it beyond the edge of the circle .Misbah will know more than anyone in world sport at the moment that the ability to finish the game seperates the great player from the good.A lot of team can bring a ball to within three yard of the goal butit reuires a great striker to put it at the back of net.Strikers are valued because they finish moves,great golf player are those that plays the 18th as well as the previous 17th,even teh boxer who dominates a bout needs a finishing punch.Misbah didn't have that punch.
It was good to see though that in the end good bowler took wicket and good batsman scored runs .In course of time ,this game will evolve its own grammar but whtever it turns out to be .it will be breft of skills .As long as bowler has a chance of getting batsman out to be ,it and the game isn't tinkered with too much to prevent that from happening ,you will have to skillful to play it at the highest level .Remember batsman are taking chances and that always represent hope for the bowler and one of the happiest conclusion of this tournament is that taking wickets count .If pakistan had been six down instead of nine ,they would had a better chance of wining it.
However i dread the day they start bringing the boundary ropes in and making flatter pitches .A six must still represent an achievement and if the batsmen hit it at will ,it makes the game boring .The only match at the twenty 20 that left me cold was Sri lanka vs Kenya .I switched off because there was no contest.A little bit in the pitch for the bowlers and a boundary rope far enough to allow a batsman to be caught and you really have everything you need.

Is there any difference in love and friendship

I believe you can love a friend and and i believe you can friendly love .Love is the strongest and most wonderful thing on this earth.It has many faces and many facets ,the more one ,loves the more one has to give to love ,you never run out of it .I love love but i think friendship can survive without love but love cannot survive without friendship.
Love involve passion and friendship involves comfortable ness from the very begining.
Friendship has to be necesarily two sided .Whereas love may be or may not be.You can love animals ,love music,love infants.You are not in friendship with them.Both require concern and care from other end .But in love concern from thr other end is not a must.In a narrower sense these days ,love also means lust sensual pleasure which is not in friendship.But love has got a much broader meaning .God loves you, but he is i n friendship with you.In true love there is no expectation.In friendship you expect your friend to reciprocate youur feeling ,be loyal the relayionship.If not the relationship breaks.
Friendship convert into love but love didn't convert into love .Love is a kind of electrifying chemistry attracting two individual of oppsite sex desiring ,longing ,caring for each otherwhich starts on the premise of the friendship.Friendship is an enduring relationship one can have with any individual that grows along with time who stand by what come what may .While a lover can always walk out of one's life since proximity breeds contempt ,closeness can stifle the space between two individuals. Love blossoms from friendship..The harmone "surges"& its consequences that occour in a love relationship remain inhibited in friendship. Apart form that there is alot of difference between love and friendship ...remeber this:friends will leave u some day or the other but ur loved ones including your family will never leave u...Friends increases when u have money and other valuable things but love doesnt depend on such thing .From other point we can also say that nothing is different between love and friendship because friendship is the first step involved in love without which love can't happen.
Last but not least friendship is not love and love is not friendship because friendship is a bond between two people ,with whom you can share each and every feeling but love is a relation ship betwwen two hearts.

Dravid quits as captain

As extremely dignified man and a proud servant of the Indian Cricket team,took two correct

decision on India's tour of England .One that the older player had no place in Twenty20 cricket an dtwo that he did not want to be Indian cricket team captain any more.The second of those even if right was disturbing because it meant a deeply committed man was willing to walk away from something he has cherished.

One of the great privileges of bien g a top sportsman an dthat true of a few other profession is that you can enjoy every day work .It is what allowyou to remain competetive an dbecome better.When the fun goes out of it it is the time to move on and it was becoming apppernt in England that there was fun going out of bieng captaiin of India for Rahul Dravid .And also,while a catain has gone, it is important to know if the reason for his going have

gone as well

Ideally a captian should be free to think about the game and his palyer.If matters outside the palying field begin to occupy his mind more than tose on it then there is a problem in the systemthat is causing it to happen.If a captain has to keep thinking about contracts ,coaches ,schedules and such other matters that really should be someone else;s responsibility ,i t is taking away time from his primary activity.

Naseer Husain quits as a captain in 2003 because he was being forced to think more about Robert Mugabe than about the oposition.If Dravid has left the job for the same reason .then we all will have this is a new face with the same worries.

So far the man appointed to follow him is doing an excellent job .There is much to like about Dhoni as a person an d as a cricketer .He seems to have balanced head on his strong shoulder and seems quite capable of sizing up situation .It help to have young legsand unfettered minds in in the team and under him,India have suprised many at the world Twenty 20 Championship.They have played with passion with calm minds and have won a crucial match with a catch a runout and runs saved in the field.You wouldn't have thought that was possible tree week ago when fielders strolled in the deep and lobbed return in.

This is a young man's game for age and ocasionaly ,Experience ,tend to install boundaries in a world of possibilities .Rohit sharma doesn't yet know what he cannot do and so play by sheer instinct .For Robin Utappa ,life is still an adventuer where you stumble only to dust yourself and move on .Dinesh Karthick's fidgety reflexes allow him to reach cricket ball that many wont even as they make him drop sitters that other won't.And R.P.Singh is on this wondreful tour of discovery,becoming and making us aware of his great skills.

Martin Luther King

Martin luther king Jr. (January 15 1929-april 4 1968) was born Michael luther king but later had his name changed to Martin .His grandfather began the family's long tenure as pastors of the ebenezer Bapist church in atlanta ,serving from 1914 to 1931;his father has served from then until the prsent and from 1960 until his death Martin Luther acted as co pastor .Martin luther attended segregated public schools in gergia ,graduating from high school at the age of fifteen;he recieved the B.A. degree in 1948 from MOrehouse college ,a distinguished Negro institution of Atlanta from which both his father and grandfather had graduated .After three years of theological Seminary in pennyslavania where hw was elected president of predominantily white senior class, he was awrded the B.D. in1951.With felowship won at crozer,he enrolled in graduates studies at boston University,completung his residency for the doctrate in 1953 and recieving the degree in 1955.In Boston he met Coretta Scott a young woman of uncommon intellectual and artistic attaintment.Two sons and daugher were born into the family .
In1954 ,Martin Luther King accepted the pastrole of the dexter Avenue Baptist church
in Montogornery ,Albana .Always a string worker for civil right for member of his race ,king was
by this time a member of the executive committe of the national association for the Advancement of coloured people,the leading organization of its kind in the nation. He was ready, then, early in December, 1955, to accept the leadership of the first great Negro nonviolent demonstration of contemporary times in the United States, the bus boycott described by Gunnar Jahn in his presentation speech in honor of the laureate. The boycott lasted 382 days. On December 21, 1956, after the Supreme Court of the United States had declared unconstitutional the laws requiring segregation on buses, Negroes and whites rode the buses as equals. During these days of boycott, King was arrested, his home was bombed, he was subjected to personal abuse, but at the same time he emerged as a Negro leader of the first rank
In 1957 he was elected president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization formed to provide new leadership for the now burgeoning civil rights movement. The ideals for this organization he took from Christianity; its operational techniques from Gandhi. In the eleven-year period between 1957 and 1968, King traveled over six million miles and spoke over twenty-five hundred times, appearing wherever there was injustice, protest, and action; and meanwhile he wrote five books as well as numerous articles. In these years, he led a massive protest in Birmingham, Alabama, that caught the attention of the entire world, providing what he called a coalition of conscience. and inspiring his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail", a manifesto of the Negro revolution; he planned the drives in Alabama for the registration of Negroes as voters; he directed the peaceful march on Washington, D.C., of 250,000 people to whom he delivered his address, "l Have a Dream", he conferred with President John F. Kennedy and campaigned for President Lyndon B. Johnson; he was arrested upwards of twenty times and assaulted at least four times; he was awarded five honorary degrees; was named Man of the Year by Time magazine in 1963; and became not only the symbolic leader of American blacks but also a world figure.

History of India

History of India . An overview : The people of India have had a continuous civilization since 2500 B.C., when the inhabitants of the Indus River valley developed an urban culture based on commerce and sustained by agricultural trade. This civilization declined around 1500 B.C., probably due to ecological changes.
During the second millennium B.C., pastoral, Aryan-speaking tribes migrated from the northwest into the subcontinent. As they settled in the middle Ganges River valley, they adapted to antecedent cultures.
The political map of ancient and medieval India was made up of myriad kingdoms with fluctuating boundaries. In the 4th and 5th centuries A.D., northern India was unified under the Gupta Dynasty. During this period, known as India's Golden Age, Hindu culture and political administration reached new heights.
Islam spread across the Indian subcontinent over a period of 500 years. In the 10th and 11th centuries, Turks and Afghans invaded India and established sultanates in Delhi. In the early 16th century, descendants of Genghis Khan swept across the Khyber Pass and established the Mughal (Mogul) Dynasty, which lasted for 200 years. From the 11th to the 15th centuries, southern India was dominated by Hindu Chola and Vijayanagar Dynasties. During this time, the two systems--the prevailing Hindu and Muslim--mingled, leaving lasting cultural influences on each other.
The first British outpost in South Asia was established in 1619 at Surat on the northwestern coast. Later in the century, the East India Company opened permanent trading stations at Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta, each under the protection of native rulers
The British expanded their influence from these footholds until, by the 1850s, they controlled most of present-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. In 1857, a rebellion in north India led by mutinous Indian soldiers caused the British Parliament to transfer all political power from the East India Company to the Crown. Great Britain began administering most of India directly while controlling the rest through treaties with local rulers.
In the late 1800s, the first steps were taken toward self-government in British India with the appointment of Indian councilors to advise the British viceroy and the establishment of provincial councils with Indian members; the British subsequently widened participation in legislative councils. Beginning in 1920, Indian leader Mohandas K. Gandhi transformed the Indian National Congress political party into a mass movement to campaign against British colonial rule. The party used both parliamentary and nonviolent resistance and non-cooperation to achieve independence.
On August 15, 1947, India became a dominion within the Commonwealth, with Jawaharlal Nehru as Prime Minister. Enmity between Hindus and Muslims led the British to partition British India, creating East and West Pakistan, where there were Muslim majorities. India became a republic within the Commonwealth after promulgating its constitution on January 26, 1950

DNA fingerprinting

Deoxyribonucliec acid is the main content of the chromosome of all organism and is found in the form of double helix within the nucleus of every somatic cell.Consequently a smaal sample of human body cells can be decoded to reveal a pattern that is shared only by a genetically identical twin.The dna of each individual does not change during his lifetime.This technique is commonly used in police investigation and is termed as DNA fingerprinting .At present the police can remove sample of DNA from individual suspected of involvement in a specified crime commonly by the removal of cell from the mouth using a cheek swab..The DNAof the suspect can then be compared to any genetic material found at the scene of crime.The creation of a database of DNA would allow police to use DNA in order to search for a suspectrather than merelyto provide evidence once a suspect has been apprehended
The British police have operated a database of the DNA of convicted criminals since 1995.The proposition in this debate may choose at their discretion the section of the population whose DNA would be kept on the database. Considering that the most striking arguments on both sides of the debate involve civil liberties, it is suggested that a bold proposition be developed. The model might include the sampling of DNA from every member of the population. New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani has proposed that a DNA sample be taken from every newborn. However, it would be possible to require that the database contains only the DNA fingerprint of persons arrested or even only the profiles of convicted criminals.

PROS-:DNA fingerprinting has considerable advantages over conventional means of forensic crime detection. Conventional fingerprints attach only to hard surfaces, can be smeared, or avoided by the use of gloves. Even a clear print requires a significant degree of interpretation by investigating officers. The standard technique of comparing fourteen points between the print taken at the crime scene and the print of the accused has been subject to severe criticism. The novel ‘polymerase chain reaction’ (PCR) amplification technique facilitates an accurate DNA profile from very small amounts of genetic data.The fingerprint can be constructed notwithstanding contamination from oil, water or acid in the crime scene environment.The innocent and the accused should appreciate a novel fingerprinting technique that is both objective and accurate.
CONS-:Although DNA detection might have advantages over fingerprint dusting, the test is nevertheless fallible. Environmental factors at the crime scene such as heat, sunlight, or bacteria can corrupt any genetic data. Any DNA evidence must be stored in sterile and temperature controlled conditions. Criminals have been suspected of contaminating samples by swapping saliva.There is room for human error or fraud in comparing samples taken from suspects with those removed from a crime scene. The accuracy of any genetic profile is dependent upon the number of genes examined. Where less than four or five genes can be investigated, the PCR technique serves only to exaggerate any defects or omissions in the sample. In 1995 an 18 month investigation was launched into allegations that the FBI Crime Lab was ‘drylabbing’ or faking results of DNA comparisons.Even a complete DNA profile cannot indicate the length of time a suspect was present at a crime scene or the date in question. The mere creation of a database cannot be the panacea for crime detection.

History of bollywood

At this turn of this century when the country was poised for a major social and political reforms a new entertaintment from drawned in India the cinema .The first exposure to motion picture which india recieved was in 1896 when the Lumiere Brothers' cinematography unvieled six soundless short film at watson hotel Bombay on july 7.And the first exposing of celluloid in camera by an Indian and its consequent screening took place in 1899 when Harishcahndra Bhatvadekar shot two films and exhibited them under Edison's projecting kinetscope
Hiralal sen and F.B.Thanawala were two other Indian pioneer engaged in the production of two short film in calcutta and bombayin 1900.Around 1902 J.F.Madan and abdullah Esoofally launched their career with bioscope shows of the two imported films .In 1912 N.G.Chitre and R.G..Torney made a silent feature film pundalik whic was released on may 18 and it was half Britsh in its make .
Dhundiraj Govind Phalke, more generally known as Dada Saheb Phalke was responsible for the production of India's first fully indigenous silent feature film Raja Harishchandra which heralded the birth of the Indian film industry. The film had titles in Hindi and English and was released on May 3, 1913 at the Coronation Cinema, Bombay. In 1917, Bengal saw the birth of its first feature film-Satyabadi Raja Harishchandra made by Madan's Elphinstone Bioscope Company. In Madras, the first feature film of South India Keechaka Vadham was made by Nataraja Mudaliar in 1919.
After stepping into 1920 the Indian cinema gradually assumed the shape of a regular industry.The industry also came within the purview of the law.The new decade saw the arrival of many new companies and filmmaker.
The most remakable thing about the birth of the sound film in India is that it came with a bang and quickly displaced the silent movies.The first indian talkie Alam ara produced by the imperial film company and directed by Ardershir Irani was released on march14 1931at the majestic Cinema in bombay.The talkie had brought revolutionary changes in the whole set up of teh industry.The year 1931 marked the begining of the talking ear in bengal and south India.Th efirst talkie film in bengali ,tamil,telegu were relesed in the same year.
The thirties is recognised as the decade of social protests in the history of Indian Cinema. Three big banners-Prabhat, Bombay Talkies and New Theatres gave the lead in making serious but gripping sand entertaining films for all classes of the wide audience. A number of films making a strong plea against social injustice were also made in this period like V.Santharam's Duniya Na Mane, Aadmi and Padosi, Franz Osten's Achut Kanya, Damle & Fatehlal's Sant Thukaram, Mehboob's Watan, Ek hi Raasta and Aurat. For the first time Ardeshir Irani attempted a colour picture in 1937 with Kisan Kanya.

Bill Gates

Born on October 28, 1955, Gates and his two sisters grew up in Seattle. Their father, William H. Gates II, is a Seattle attorney. Their late mother, Mary Gates, was a schoolteacher, University of Washington regent, and chairwoman of United Way International.
Gates attended public elementary school and the private Lakeside School. There, he discovered his interest in software and began programming computers at age 13.
In 1973, Gates entered Harvard University as a freshman, where he lived down the hall from Steve Ballmer, now Microsoft's chief executive officer. While at Harvard, Gates developed a version of the programming language BASIC for the first microcomputer - the MITS Altair.
In his junior year, Gates left Harvard to devote his energies to Microsoft, a company he had begun in 1975 with his childhood friend Paul Allen. Guided by a belief that the computer would be a valuable tool on every office desktop and in every home, they began developing software for personal computers.
In 1999, Gates wrote Business @ the Speed of Thought, a book that shows how computer technology can solve business problems in fundamentally new ways. The book was published in 25 languages and is available in more than 60 countries. Business @ the Speed of Thought has received wide critical acclaim, and was listed on the best-seller lists of the New York Times, USA Today, the Wall Street Journal and Amazon.com. Gates' previous book, The Road Ahead, published in 1995, held the No. 1 spot on the New York Times' bestseller list for seven weeks.
Gates has donated the proceeds of both books to non-profit organizations that support the use of technology in education and skills development
In addition to his love of computers and software, Gates is interested in biotechnology. He sits on the board of ICOS, a company that specializes in protein-based and small-molecule therapeutics, and he is an investor in a number of other biotechnology companies.
Philanthropy is also important to Gates. He and his wife, Melinda, have endowed a foundation with more than $21 billion to support philanthropic initiatives in the areas of global health and learning, with the hope that as we move into the 21st century, advances in these critical areas will be available for all people.
Gates was married on Jan. 1, 1994, to Melinda French Gates. The couple has two children: a daughter, Jennifer Katharine Gates, born in 1996; and a son, Rory John Gates, born in 1999.

how to give interview

The best way to prepare yourself for a job interview is to assnticipate questions, develop your answers, and practice. Here's how...First, know these important facts:
There is no way to predict every question you will be asked during a job interview. In other words, expect unexpected questions--they'll come up no matter how much preparation you do.
Treat any sample answers you find, such as in discussion forums, books or on Internet job sites, as guides only. Interviewers can spot "canned" answers a mile away, and if they suspect you are regurgitating answers that are not your own, you can kiss that job goodbye.
Job interview questions are not things to fear, they are opportunities to excel. They allow you to show why you are the best person for the job, so instead of dreading them, look forward to them! The key is to give better answers than anyone else.Now, take these actions:
Make a list of your best "selling points" for the position. What qualifications, skills, experience, knowledge, background, personality traits do you possess that would apply to this particular job?
In addition to any sample job interview questions you find through various resources, you must develop your own list of probable questions based specifically on the job for which you are applying.
Write down your answers to likely questions. Study the job announcement carefully. Note the phrases they use when describing the desired qualifications. You'll want to target these as much as possible when developing your answers.
Review and edit your answers until you feel they are "just right." Read them over and over until you are comfortable that you know them fairly well. Don't try to memorize them; don't worry about remembering every word.
Be a (Short) Story TellerMake use of this old marketing tip: "Facts tell but stories sell." During a job interview, you are selling yourself. Whenever possible, answer questions with a short story that gives specific examples of your experiences
Keep the Interviewer's Perspective in Mind; Answer His "What's in it for Me?" QuestionWhile many questions asked during job interviews appear to focus on your past accomplishments, here's an important tip: they may be asking about what you did, but what they really want to know is what you can do now, for them

about myself

HI friend,
My name is Shabbir hasan khan.I belongs to aligarh a city in UP.I was born on 12th of october in varanasi the city of my ancestor.From there i move to Aligarh as my father was doing job in aligarh.My father's name is Dr I.A.Khan.He is a post graduate in mechanical engineering from IITKanpur.He is a retired professor of Deptt of computer science at A.M.U.Aligarh presently working as professor in S.S.I.T.M. Aligarh.
I have done my high schooling from Saifuddin tahir high School Aligarh and 12th from senior secondary school boys A.M.U.Aligarh.From there i did prepration for the IITJEE got selected in screening but was not selected in main.After that i joined the S.S.I.T.M. for pusuing B.Tech which i completed this year in Information Technology with first class.
In B.tech i studied various subject and programming languages but computer network and cryptography are my favourite subject.Also i have decent knowledge of language of C,C++,java.

In third yr I developed a project "Secure file exchange for smart card" which was made as need to do the transanction of smart card securely and trustfully.In doing so we use the cryptography for encrypting the text using a key which is secret and only the card holder knows that secret key and this enable the security and reliability.Nowdays this technique is used in credit card and debit as well as ATM card.

In final year i made a project "Online test application " which was made so as to make the test to be taken online and apart from that it also increases the reliability and efficiency.In this project we have used the java as language and j2ee as a platform for running .

My hobbies are watching movies and cricket and listening music.In fact i am a die hard fan of cricket and Indian cricket team.I have spoiled my 1 yr by playing cricket too much and no study. As far as my strength are concern they are strong will power and good & adjusting nature.This i can say because i have not so many friend but whatsoever they are very close to me and same is with them.And one thing also, i have not a single incident where my friendship is broken which i think is a sign of adjusting nature.As far as strong will power is concerened i can just say that ,i generally dont reach to a conclusion and if i do so then nobody can change it and uptill now i haven't been proven wrong.

arranged or love marriage

Arrange marriage make up vastly the higher percentage oinm human history but have largely in the last century, become unusual and moraly questioned in the western world where overt arrange marriage still occour in Europe and the Americans it is usuallywithin immigrants communities .This creates further complication in discuusing the issue because it not only becomes caught up in discussion of racism and ethnic right ,but also in the loadeddebate on immigration.

PROS:- Arranging marriage is an insult to the very nature of marriage which should be about creating a loving and lasting partnership and family .It reduces a central partof what is fundamentaly a religious ceremony (and every religion ,including Islam guarentees choice) to a commercial transaction and therfore undermine family values. This is even more an issue where people come into a country where marriage is seen as a central value that should be free , where it is a specific challenge to any moral code.
To allow arranged marriages leads to unacceptable pressure on those involved. They are often reliant on the parents who wish them to take part in arranged marriages for their futures as well as their current welfare. Moreover, the line between what constitutes an arranged and what constitutes a forced marriage is so hazy it can’t be policed, as is the line between legitimate and illegitimate influence. To protect from the latter we must stop the former. The law can help children who are often seeking bargaining chips to help them evade the pressure to marry from their family and community.
Arranged marriage is bad both for the individual women concerned and for women generally in society. In the former case this is because they are very vulnerable. Often they are from far away from home, don’t speak the local language or dialect and are totally reliant on the husband’s house and family. The lack of a support network, the language to appeal for help or knowledge of their rights makes women in arranged marriages disproportionately likely to suffer abuse. In the latter case, arrangement commodifies women who are bartered between the male heads of houses
CONS:- Arrange marriages are very much real image marriages.Vastly more marriages than not in human history would fall under any sensible definition of arrangement.More tha that ,an unusually small number of arranged marraiges actually end in divorce.Maybe we should look harder at whether pop start marriages constitute real marriage if we areabout to make that distinction.More seriouslymillions of people marry for the wrong reason financial security desire for children ,parental pressure and lack of choice among potential partner.It is pure romonticism to claim that marriages must be love matches or they shopuld be stopped .This only serves to illustrate that if is impossible to make any sensible division between what is and isn't an arranged marriage and therefore quixotic to attempt a ban.
Arranged marriages do involve choice. The difference is merely that whole families are involved together in both considering the best options and in helping to achieve what is wanted. This is particularly fitting in a social system which places high value on the way in which the extended family work together, and ensures that there is family support and shared expectations which contribute to the longevity of the marriage

history of cricket

No oneknows when or where cricket began but there is a body of evidence, much of it circumstantial, that strongly suggests the game was devised during saxon or normantimes by children living in the weald an area of dense woodlands and clearing in south east england that lies across Kent and susex.It is generally believed that cricket survived as a children gamefor many centuries before it was increasingly taken upby adults around the begining of the 17th century.There is also a theory that it originated from ancient bat and bal game playedin the indian subcontinent which were then transported to europe via persia andthe near east by merchant and eventualy developed into the game of cricket in england.

DERIVATION OF THE NAME:
A number of word are thought to be possible sources for the term cricket which could refer to the bat or the wicket .In old french the word criquet means a kind of club which probably give its name to croquet .some believe that cricket and and croquet have acommon originIn Flemish, krick(e) means a stick, and, in Old English, cricc or cryce means a crutch or staff (though the hard "k" sound suggests the North or Northeast midlands, rather than the Southeast, where cricket seems to have begun). The Isle of Man has a game called Cammag. It involves a stick (cammag) and a ball (crick) with anything between four and hundreds of players. The 'crick' in this instance may be derived from, though indirectly, Flemish.
Alternatively, the French criquet apparently comes from the Flemish word krickstoel, which is a long low stool on which one kneels in church which may appear similar to the long low wicket with two stumps used in early cricket, or the early stool in stoolball. The word stool is old [Sussex] dialect for a tree stump in a forest, but in stoolball it may well refer to the milking-stools which are believed to have been used as wickets in early times.
Stoolball is an ancient sport similar to cricket, still played in southern counties of England, especially Sussex, and is considered a precursor to cricket, rounders and baseball.
FIRST DEFINITE REFRENCE:
Despite many refrences the first definite refrences to the game is found in 1597 court case concerning dispute over a schools ownership of a plotof a land.A59 year old coroner John Derrick testified that he and his school friend had played kreckett on the site fifty years earlier.This school was the Royal Grammar School Guildford and Mr. Derrick account proves beyondreasonable doubt that thje game was bieng was played in surrey1550.
The first reference to it being played as an adult sport was in 1611, when two men in Sussex were prosecuted for playing cricket on Sunday instead of going to church. In the same year, a dictionary defines cricket as a boys' game and this suggests that adult participation was a recent development

my university

Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), known more as a movement than an academic institution is one of the most important chapters of Indian history as far as the sociology of Hindu-Muslim relation is concerned. This most respected and important educational centre for Indian Muslims was initially founded as Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College (MAOC) at Aligarh in 1875 by Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan (1817-1898) and subsequently raised to the status of Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) in 1920. This university, being the representative body of the upwardly mobile middle class Indian Muslims created a significant impact on Muslim politics in India.
If we look into the historical background of this movement, Sir Sayed Ahmed launched it with unique political and educational ideology and objective to restore the lost pride of his community after the fall of Mogul Empire. Scion of a Mogul family he was "acutely sensitive to the ending of Mogul dominance" and was therefore deeply aggrieved with the plight of Muslims.
From the post of record keeper in East India Company, which Sayed had joined in 1837, he rose to the position of Chief Assessment Official in Bijnor at the time of the outbreak of Sepoy mutiny in 1857 (Metcalf). His status in imperial power gradually transformed him to a loyal soldier of British throne. Realising ground political reality with conviction that British rule was to continue for long, he developed his political ideology against the freedom of India from colonial rule and preferred to convince his community to align with the imperial power than to confront with them. Accordingly, he made a tactical move to manage rapport between Muslims and British power by preparing his community as allies to British than their 'subjugation' under Hindu dominated power structures in the country.
It is a known fact of Indian history that Sepoy mutiny of 1857 had made a significant impact on the contemporary social history of this sub-continent. For Muslim elite it caused great mental turmoil as "they were reduced to the position of hewers of woods and drawers of water by the British" (The Aligarh Movement by Dr. Shan Muhammad, 1978, page IX). They took the fall of Mogul Empire as a defeat of the Muslim community.
As a part of his strategy Sayed made a sincere attempt to establish a rapport between Muslims and the Government. He issued a series of pamphlets entitled "The loyal Mohammadons of India" in 1860 and tried to dispel the unfavourable impression about Muslims among the British rulers. He also started publishing a journal entitled "Aligarh Institute Gazette" in 1866 and organised a branch of British Indian Association to prove his point. With his write-up on a comparative study of Quran and Bible he tried to convince the Christian rulers that both the Christians and Muslims were friends as both had a common Semitic religious bond.
Sayed visited England in 1869 and studied the British system of education and administration. With his sole ambition to transform the Muslim society by harmonizing Islam with western scientific spirit and improving the material prosperity of his community, he renounced the Islamic orthodoxy of Waliullah. His rational interpretation of Islam was however, rejected by his contemporary Muslim clergies as it was contrary to the fundamentalist views on controversial issues like Jihad, polygamy and animal slaughtering. Ultimately, he succumbed to the pressure of fundamentalists and “agreed not to express his views on Islam through his writings” (Rational Approach to Islam by Asghar Ali Engineer – 2001 –page 191).
Contrary to the fundamentalist ideology of Dar-ul-Uloom (abode of Islamic learning) founded in 1866 at Deoband, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was of the view that backwardness of Muslims could be eradicated only through western education. Accordingly he set up MAO College on his return from England with the help of British to impart western education along with Islamic knowledge. With his new educational vision he wanted to prepare the Muslim mind to change the failed medieval system of education, which had not met the material and intellectual needs of the community.
The Education Commission of 1882, while lauding the efforts of Sayed Ahmed remarked:
"The founders of the institution have realised that the only education which could bring their race into harmony with civilisation around them and restore it to a position of influence was an education frankly acknowledging advance of science, catholic in its sympathies with all that was admirable in the literature, history and philosophy of other countries, broad in its outlines and exact in its studies". (History of Aligarh Muslim University, by Khaliq Nizami, page XII).
In spite of his design to resolve the plight of Muslims through western model of education, Sayed had to face the challenges of radical Islamists for whom India under British rule was Dar-ul-Harb (Land of war) and Muslims were duty bound to launch jihad (Holy war) against it. In fact the influence of Wahhabi movement and the Islamic thought were so deep in the minds of Muslims that Syed Ahmad Khan failed to generate encouraging urge for modern and scientific education among the members of the community. However, with his missionary zeal he managed the support of a larger section of Muslim elite, who link their personal interest with the larger interest of Indian Muslims.

first blog

hi friend

My name is Shabbir Hasan Khan .My first day at cdac was on the 06 of august.I reached there at 10:00am.Getting admission to cdac was one of happiest moment of my life.when i entered i was given a bag of books by which i was surprised because on first day it was quite unusual to me.Earlier in my life usually on first day i just go and take admission so thats why it was surprised .After that i have an introductry lecture by Mr. Raman.

After that i had breakfast in the canteen and after that i did all the offical formality of admission later on i visited the campus watched it and after that i had a class of unix by Mr. Pramod .It was very nice and exhausting class of 2 hrs.After that we had the lab session in which we got our login id and default password .In the lab I do some command excercise of unix as i was doing unix lab for the first time.It was very hard doing Unix as everything was command based but later on i realised it was not so much diificult.After that I returned back to my room in Hotel as i did not get the hostel on Ist day .On that day i realised that life in cdac is not going to be as easy i was thinking but i also realised that if did the hard work for the one year than the later part of my life is going to be very easy and happy.Regarding CDAC i liked the campus struucture the way in which it is build.Its cool and silent environment.Another thing that i liked about cdac was its staff as they were very helping and cooperating.And another thing that i liked about cdac was that they stress very much on discipline which is very much needed in future life.

The one thing that i didnot like about cdac is the food in the hostel.Actualy the food is not bad but the problem is that since i am a north indan i didnot like that food .And i m really having bad time in canteen.I have to go outside for having lunch or sometime diner also.And more thing regarding the food is that the duration in which breakfast and dinner is available is also very little.Other thing that i have come to know is that here we dont need to bother about placement since we will get so much knowledge that we will be able to get place ourself and no body is going to challenge your knowledge.

One of the most important thing in cdac which is very important and good is the facility of lab .This lab is available 24hrs which is a very rare and is very useful for the student since we can study in night and if we need lab we can use it.

One of the other thing which i like about cdac is its sorrounding, the large companies which we see and it become a motivating factor because whenever we see it we wish to get placed in those companies and we do more and more effort for that.
Now i tell you something about myself .my name is shabbir hasan khan.I belong to aligarh i have studied there . I have complete my high school from AMU as well as +2,after that i joined SSITM for the B.Tech in IT which i have completed this year. My father's name is Dr. I .A. Khan .He is a retierd professor in the computer science in A.M.U.. He has taken his B.Tech and M.tech from IIITK and Phd from moscow.Curently he is working as the HOD in C.S. in SSITM aligarh.My two brother had also done B.tech in mech&petroleum.My mother is a housewife.My hobbies are listening music and playing as watching cricket.I am crazy about watching cricket even i have spoiled my 1 yr in playing cricket in 11th class which is effecting me uptill now but i will manage to compensate that by the help of cdac .I also like watching movies
Now let me tell you some thing about my city aligarh.It is in UP 130 km from delhi .It is fomous for locks and other hardware works in all over india and also for the university known as A.M.U.It is a central university and very old .It is not a very big city but good .Also it has got
bad thing also such as it did not have good power supply as with other small city but enough for use.Also there is no proper management of resources there.